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Herzegovina is a historical and physical region in the Dinaric Alps that comprises the southern part of current Bosnia and Herzegovina. The area of Herzegovina is 9,948 km². There is no clear boundary between Herzegovina and the Bosnia region. There are many opinions on where Herzegovina ends and Bosnia begins. Herzegovina encompasses the regions then known as the Land of Hum or Zahumlje and Traumata, through most of the late middle Ages belonging to the Serbian kings of the Nemanjić Empire. The westernmost parts of Herzegovina belonged to the empire of Croatia until its downfall in 1102. Herzegovinian Serbs and Croats insistently participated in the Montenegrin labors to release them and to that end, they recurrently rose in rebellion against the Ottoman rule.

In 1878, Herzegovina, along with Bosnia, was occupied by Austria-Hungary, only nominally left over under Ottoman rule. This caused great anger among its common people which resisted the invaders in small flare-ups of disobedient activity that ended in 1882. The upper flow of the river Neretva lies in the northern parts of Herzegovina, a greatly forested area with fast curving rivers and high mountains. Towns like Konjic and Jablanica lie in this area, considered by many the best-looking part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The terrain of Herzegovina is mostly hilly karst with high mountains in the north such as Cvrsnica and Prenj, except for the mid valley of the river Neretva. The biggest city is Mostar, in the center of the region. Other larger towns contain Stolac, Široki Brijeg, Konjic, Trebinje, and Čapljina. Borders between Bosnia and Herzegovina are unclear and often disputed.

In Herzegovina there are various attractive and well-known natural landmarks like the falls of Kravica. It is a number of waterfalls near the city of Ljubuški and a admired spot for the local people, to take a bath in the hot Herzegovina weather, or just to take pleasure in the view. The Hutovo Blato is a bird store, one of the most significant in the Europe and many international ornithologists have been there.Vjetrenica cave is a cave scheme close to the edge to Croatia, in the Ravno metropolis. The cave has not been explored completely yet but it is open for visitors. More and more species are being discovered there and it is a unique ecosystem with cave animals and other interesting things.